Arthritis is the term used in human and veterinary medicine to describe any type of joint inflammation. There are several types, including rheumatoid, degenerative, and infectious arthritis, each with a different cause. Infections, autoimmune diseases, trauma, and certain medications, such as sulfa antibiotics, can promote joint inflammation.
The clinical signs associated with joint diseases are basically the same. Stiffness or lameness in one or more limbs is often the most obvious sign of a joint problem, usually made worse by cold and/or exercise. New drugs and surgical techniques have been introduced in the treatment of canine joint disease.
Osteoarthritis, or degenerative joint disease, describes the condition in which defects or erosion of the cartilage occur. It can be inherited but is usually part of the normal aging process in older dogs.
Infectious arthritis is caused by bacteria that enter the bloodstream and cause inflammation in one or more joints. Gum bacteria, periodontal disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme disease can damage cartilage and joint structure.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease commonly seen in toy breeds. Caused by an overactive immune system, antibodies gather in the joints and cause inflammation. Fever and depression are also features of these illnesses. Hip dysphasia is an inherited arthritic condition that begins with partial dislocation of the hip joints. Over time, the cartilage that covers the articular surfaces wears away due to abnormal stress on the joints.
The key to mitigating the effects of any form of arthritis is early detection and treatment. Your vet can prescribe antibiotics, immunosuppressants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as vitamins and supplements, and even cortisone if needed. The real key is you and your observations from your veterinarian.